如何正確攝取維他命D呢? 聽聽美國皮膚科醫學會的建議與實證
2021 Jul 22 美白抗老
點選美國皮膚科醫學會AAD原文連結: https://bit.ly/3y8kLPn
美國國家醫學科學院（NAM）根據目前鈣和維生素D在骨骼健康的科學實證，建議每日維生素D的膳食攝取量（RDA）：國際單位（IU）
（每個人從太陽接受的維生素D量並不一樣，而紫外線又有導致皮膚癌的風險，因此NAM的RDA是基於接受最少或沒有陽光照射的人的建議。）
參考資料 :
Related AAD resources 1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. Report on carcinogens, 14th ed: Ultraviolet-radiation-related exposures. 2016.
2 ARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 100D. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012.
3 Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;59:1-7. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.004
4 J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;70:847–57.
5 BMJ. 2012 Jul 24;345:e4757.
6 Arnold M, Kvaskoff M, Thuret A, Guenel P, Bray F and Soerjomatarm I. Cutaneous melanoma in France in 2015 attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunbeds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Published online April 16, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15022
7 Arnold M et al. Global burden of cutaneous melanoma attributable to ultraviolet radiation in 2012. Int J Cancer. 2018 April. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31527.
8 British Journal of Cancer. 2011. 105 (S66–S69). doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.486.
9 Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107(4):652-663. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqx047
10 Freedman DM, Looker AC, Abnet CC, Linet MS, Graubard BI. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer mortality in the NHANES III study (1988- 2006). Cancer Res 2010;70(21):8587-97.
11 Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013 Jan 1;13(1):107-17.
12 Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Krstic G, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jun 23;6:CD007469.
13 Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM , Albanes D. Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and Mortality: State of the Science, Gaps, and Challenges. Epidemiologic reviews 2017:1-21.
14 J Clin Endocrinol Metab Nov 29 2010 (epub ahead of print)
15 Institute of Medicine. 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
- 來自太陽和助曬機的紫外線ＵＶ會導致皮膚癌，AAD不建議從陽光或助曬機獲得維生素D。這當中包括了「黑色素癌」，一種可能致命的皮膚癌。
- 為預防紫外線誘發的皮膚癌，AAD建議民眾做好防曬工作﹕找尋騎樓與樹蔭等遮蔽陽光的路線、衣服覆蓋皮膚、未覆蓋的皮膚則塗上SPF大於30的廣效型防水防曬霜。
- AAD建議從健康飲食中獲取維生素D，如富含維生素D的食物、食品和飲料、及 #維生素D補充劑。
- 雖然維生素D對健康的骨骼很重要，也有些研究發現維生素D可降低癌症發病率、癌症死亡、提高癌症存活率。但是其他研究尚未能夠確切證實維生素Ｄ與癌症的關聯性。
美國國家醫學科學院（NAM）根據目前鈣和維生素D在骨骼健康的科學實證，建議每日維生素D的膳食攝取量（RDA）：國際單位（IU）
- 400 IU 適用於 0-1 歲的嬰兒/兒童
- 600 IU 適用於1-70歲的兒童，青少年和成人
- 800 IU 適用於 71 歲以上的成年人
- 維生素D攝入量不應超過每天4000 IU
（每個人從太陽接受的維生素D量並不一樣，而紫外線又有導致皮膚癌的風險，因此NAM的RDA是基於接受最少或沒有陽光照射的人的建議。）
參考資料 :
Related AAD resources 1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. Report on carcinogens, 14th ed: Ultraviolet-radiation-related exposures. 2016.
2 ARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 100D. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012.
3 Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;59:1-7. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.004
4 J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;70:847–57.
5 BMJ. 2012 Jul 24;345:e4757.
6 Arnold M, Kvaskoff M, Thuret A, Guenel P, Bray F and Soerjomatarm I. Cutaneous melanoma in France in 2015 attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunbeds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Published online April 16, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15022
7 Arnold M et al. Global burden of cutaneous melanoma attributable to ultraviolet radiation in 2012. Int J Cancer. 2018 April. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31527.
8 British Journal of Cancer. 2011. 105 (S66–S69). doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.486.
9 Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107(4):652-663. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqx047
10 Freedman DM, Looker AC, Abnet CC, Linet MS, Graubard BI. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer mortality in the NHANES III study (1988- 2006). Cancer Res 2010;70(21):8587-97.
11 Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013 Jan 1;13(1):107-17.
12 Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Krstic G, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jun 23;6:CD007469.
13 Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Layne TM , Albanes D. Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and Mortality: State of the Science, Gaps, and Challenges. Epidemiologic reviews 2017:1-21.
14 J Clin Endocrinol Metab Nov 29 2010 (epub ahead of print)
15 Institute of Medicine. 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
